Attached TestLauncher.java triggers an exception in the Launcher because a java.lang.ClassCastException with no stack trace is thrown by C2 which seems to be unexpected:

java TestLauncher.java
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 0 > -5
at java.base/java.util.Arrays.copyOfRange(Arrays.java:3804)
at java.base/java.util.Arrays.copyOfRange(Arrays.java:3764)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.launcher.SourceLauncher.execute(SourceLauncher.java:267)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.launcher.SourceLauncher.run(SourceLauncher.java:138)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.launcher.SourceLauncher.main(SourceLauncher.java:76)

This can happen if OmitStackTraceInFastThrow is enabled (default).