Let's consider following code:

public class Test52 {
    void test() {
        Object o = new Object() {
            class IC {}
            public Object get() {
                return new IC();
            }
        };
    }
}

javac from JDK build 137 produces following error when compiling code above:

./Test52.java:6: error: .IC is not public in <anonymous Test52$1>; cannot be accessed from outside package
                return new IC();

This error is produced under following conditions only:
1. Annotation processing is switched on when compiling this code.
2. Annotation processor invokes getEnclosedElements() on the Element instance corresponding to the package.
3. Both Test52$1$IC.class and Test52$1.class are on the class path passed to javac via -classpath option.

The minimized test case is attached, in order to reproduce the bug please:
1. Unzip attached archive to some dir, say A, on Unix/Linux machine.
2. Modify A/Test52/test.sh by setting JDK_HOME variable to your JDK installation dir.
3. Run A/Test52/test.sh.

It produces following output:

First compilation
Root elemnts count: 1
Root elemnts count: 0
Second compilation
Root elemnts count: 1
Root elemnts count: 0
./Test52.java:6: error: .IC is not public in <anonymous Test52$1>; cannot be accessed from outside package
                return new IC();
                           ^
1 error