the small "test" to illustrate the issue:
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;

/*
 * @test
 * @modules java.base/sun.misc
 * @build java.base/java.lang.Patch
 * @run main/othervm Test
 * @run driver Test
 */
public class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      for (String arg : ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getInputArguments()) {
          System.out.println(arg);
      }
  }
}

for othervm the test prints:
-Dtest.src=/private/tmp/dir
-Dtest.src.path=/private/tmp/dir
-Dtest.classes=/private/tmp/JTwork/classes
-Dtest.class.path=/private/tmp/JTwork/classes
-Dtest.vm.opts=
-Dtest.tool.vm.opts=
-Dtest.compiler.opts=
-Dtest.java.opts=
-Dtest.jdk=/Users/iignatye/ws/jdk9/jake/build/macosx-x64/images/jdk
-Dcompile.jdk=/Users/iignatye/ws/jdk9/jake/build/macosx-x64/images/jdk
-Dtest.timeout.factor=1.0
-Dtest.modules=java.base/sun.misc
-Djdk.launcher.patchdirs=/private/tmp/JTwork/Test.d/patches
-Djdk.launcher.addexports=java.base/sun.misc=ALL-UNNAMED

but for driver:
-Dtest.src=/private/tmp/dir
-Dtest.src.path=/private/tmp/dir
-Dtest.classes=/private/tmp/JTwork/classes
-Dtest.class.path=/private/tmp/JTwork/classes
-Dtest.vm.opts=
-Dtest.tool.vm.opts=
-Dtest.compiler.opts=
-Dtest.java.opts=
-Dtest.jdk=/Users/iignatye/ws/jdk9/jake/build/macosx-x64/images/jdk
-Dcompile.jdk=/Users/iignatye/ws/jdk9/jake/build/macosx-x64/images/jdk
-Dtest.timeout.factor=1.0
-Dtest.modules=java.base/sun.misc