It seems that method :
public VolatileImage createCompatibleVolatileImage(int width, int height, ImageCapabilities caps) throws AWTException
in class java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration ignores parameter caps.
The result doesn't depends from given ImageCapabilities.

Also there is no exception thrown, when such ImageCapabilities are not supported by this GraphicsConfiguraition.

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
class Draw {
    final static int width = 40;
    final static int height = 40;
    static GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
    static GraphicsDevice gd = ge.getDefaultScreenDevice();
    static GraphicsConfiguration gc = gd.getDefaultConfiguration();

    public static void main(String[] a) {
        ImageCapabilities ic = new ImageCapabilities(true);
        try {
            VolatileImage vi = gc.createCompatibleVolatileImage(width, height, ic);
            System.out.println("ImageCapabilites is: " + vi.getCapabilities().isAccelerated());
        } catch (AWTException e) { }

        ic = new ImageCapabilities(false);
        try {
            VolatileImage vi = gc.createCompatibleVolatileImage(width, height, ic);
            System.out.println("ImageCapabilites is: " + vi.getCapabilities().isAccelerated());
        } catch (AWTException e) { }

    }
}
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