The method
public void setSamples(int x, int y, int w, int h, int b, int[] iArray, DataBuffer data)
didn't throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in the following simple code:

public class Sample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int defaultWidth = 6;
        int defaultHeight = 4;
        SampleModel model =
                Raster.createBandedRaster(DataBuffer.TYPE_INT, defaultWidth,
                        defaultHeight, 4, null).getSampleModel();
        DataBuffer data = model.createDataBuffer();
        int numElements = defaultWidth * defaultHeight * model.getNumBands();
        int[] a = new int[numElements];
        for (int j = 0; j < numElements; j++) {
            a[j] = j;
        }
model.setPixels(0, 0, defaultWidth, defaultHeight, a, data);
        float[] fArray = new float[defaultWidth * defaultHeight * model.getNumBands()];
        double[] dArray = new double[defaultWidth * defaultHeight * model.getNumBands()];
model.setSamples(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 1, 1, 0, fArray, data);
System.out.println("setSamples works for x=2147483647, y=0, w=1 ,h=1");
    }
}

According to specification it should throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if the coordinates or the band index are not in bounds, or if iArray is too small to hold the input.