The new JSR 292 implementation heavily uses Class.cast which calls Class.isInstance. This is a major bottleneck for some benchmarks like JRuby's bench_red_black.rb:

$ jruby -J-Xprof -J-showversion -X+C bench/bench_red_black.rb
java version "1.8.0-ea"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0-ea-b39)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 24.0-b08-internal, mixed mode)

19.803
GC.count = 46
10.803
GC.count = 55
10.159
GC.count = 63
10.258
GC.count = 72
10.128
GC.count = 79
9.977
GC.count = 86
10.174
GC.count = 93
10.031
GC.count = 100
10.172
GC.count = 107
10.254
GC.count = 114

Flat profile of 122.85 secs (5753 total ticks): main

  Interpreted + native Method
  3.7% 0 + 211 java.io.FileOutputStream.open
  3.3% 0 + 192 java.io.FileOutputStream.close0
  0.4% 0 + 21 java.io.UnixFileSystem.getBooleanAttributes0
  0.2% 0 + 13 java.lang.Class.forName0
  0.2% 0 + 12 sun.misc.Unsafe.defineAnonymousClass
  0.1% 0 + 5 java.util.zip.ZipFile.read
  0.1% 1 + 3 org.jruby.Ruby.initCore
  0.1% 0 + 4 java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0
  0.1% 0 + 4 java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load
  0.1% 4 + 0 bench.bench_red_black.method__27$RUBY$insert_helper
  0.1% 3 + 1 java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1
  0.1% 3 + 0 bench.bench_red_black.method__16$RUBY$minimum
  0.1% 0 + 3 sun.security.pkcs11.wrapper.PKCS11.C_Initialize
  0.1% 0 + 3 org.jruby.parser.Ruby19Parser.<clinit>
  0.1% 0 + 3 org.jruby.RubyInstanceConfig.<init>
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.util.zip.ZipFile.open
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.io.FileInputStream.open
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.io.UnixFileSystem.canonicalize0
  0.0% 2 + 0 home.cthaling.mlvm.jruby.lib.ruby.shared.rubygems.specification.class_1$RUBY$Specification
  0.0% 0 + 2 org.joni.Regex.<init>
  0.0% 2 + 0 org.jruby.compiler.impl.InvokeDynamicCacheCompiler.cacheStaticScope
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.resolve
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.lang.String.intern
  0.0% 1 + 0 com.sun.xml.internal.ws.org.objectweb.asm.Frame.set
  0.0% 1 + 0 java.util.regex.Matcher.<init>
  9.9% 51 + 518 Total interpreted (including elided)

     Compiled + native Method
  2.2% 0 + 128 bench.bench_red_black.method__16$RUBY$minimum
  1.9% 0 + 107 bench.bench_red_black.method__27$RUBY$insert_helper
  1.3% 0 + 75 bench.bench_red_black.method__25$RUBY$left_rotate
  0.9% 0 + 52 bench.bench_red_black.method__14$RUBY$insert
  0.0% 0 + 1 org.jruby.runtime.Arity.createArity
  0.0% 0 + 1 bench.bench_red_black.method__19$RUBY$predecessor
  0.0% 0 + 1 java.lang.StringBuilder.<init>
  0.0% 1 + 0 bench.bench_red_black.block_3$RUBY$rbt_bm
  6.4% 1 + 365 Total compiled

         Stub + native Method
 77.5% 0 + 4460 java.lang.Class.isInstance
  0.8% 0 + 46 java.io.FileOutputStream.open
  0.8% 0 + 44 java.io.FileOutputStream.close0
  0.2% 0 + 14 java.lang.Class.isPrimitive
  0.1% 0 + 5 java.lang.Class.isArray
  0.1% 0 + 4 java.lang.Throwable.fillInStackTrace
  0.1% 0 + 3 java.lang.Class.isInterface
  0.1% 0 + 3 sun.misc.Unsafe.ensureClassInitialized
  0.1% 0 + 3 java.lang.reflect.Array.newArray
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.lang.System.arraycopy
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.setCallSiteTargetNormal
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.lang.Object.getClass
  0.0% 0 + 2 java.lang.Class.getComponentType
  0.0% 0 + 1 java.lang.Thread.currentThread
  0.0% 0 + 1 java.lang.String.intern
  0.0% 0 + 1 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
  0.0% 0 + 1 java.lang.Class.getEnclosingMethod0
  0.0% 0 + 1 java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.resolve
  0.0% 0 + 1 java.util.zip.Inflater.inflateBytes
 79.9% 0 + 4596 Total stub

  Thread-local ticks:
  3.9% 222 Class loader


Flat profile of 0.01 secs (2 total ticks): DestroyJavaVM

  Thread-local ticks:
 50.0% 1 Blocked (of total)
100.0% 1 Class loader


Global summary of 122.87 seconds:
100.0% 5989 Received ticks
  3.9% 232 Received GC ticks
  1.1% 68 Compilation
  0.0% 2 Other VM operations
  3.7% 223 Class loader