FilteredList fires a replaced on filtering without trying for a finer-grained notification (see below). That's unfortunate for listeners that must keep some state "sticky" to filtered indices (f.i. selection state in TableView, see RT-39289 ).

As it goes to great length (fortunately!) on adapting changes to the backing list properly, it should be similarly supportive in refilter.

    @Test
    public void testFilteredListOneFiltered() {
        ObservableList<String> list = createObservableList(true);
        FilteredList filtered = list.filtered(p -> true);
        ListChangeReport report = new ListChangeReport(filtered);
        // keep all except the third, equivalent to removing one item
        filtered.setPredicate(p-> p != list.get(2));
        Change c = report.getLastListChange();
        c.next();
        assertTrue("expected: single remove but was: " + c, c.wasRemoved() && !c.wasAdded());
    }