Test code:

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.SelectionMode;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class TableFocusedCell extends Application {
    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(TableFocusedCell.class.getName());

    private final ObservableList<Locale> data = FXCollections.observableArrayList(Locale.getAvailableLocales());

    private final TableView<Locale> table = new TableView<>(data);

    @Override public void start(Stage stage) {
        stage.setTitle("Table FocusedCell Bug");
        // add a listener to see loosing the column
        table.getFocusModel().focusedCellProperty().addListener((p, oldValue, newValue)-> {
            LOG.info("old/new " + oldValue + "\n " + newValue);
        });
        TableColumn<Locale, String> language = new TableColumn<>("Language");
        language.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Locale, String>("displayLanguage"));
        TableColumn<Locale, String> country = new TableColumn<>("Country");
        country.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<>("country"));
        table.setItems(data);
        table.getColumns().addAll(language, country);

        table.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode(SelectionMode.MULTIPLE);
        table.addEventFilter(KeyEvent.KEY_PRESSED, e -> {
            if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.F1) {
                data.add(0, new Locale("dummy"));
            }
        });

        Scene scene = new Scene(new BorderPane(table));
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

Steps to reproduce:

- select first row
- press f1 to insert row at top
- expected: second row selected and focused
- actual: second row selected and third row focused [1]
- press shift-down to extend selection
- expected: second and third row selected [2]
- actual: first to fourth row selected

[1] is the focus-related misbehaviour reported in RT-38477
[2] looks similar to RT-17735 (reported and fixed against ListView)