this is related to RT-39094 (the fix is not quite complete). As suggested by Jonathan, filing a new report (c&p my part of my comments, more details over there)

My expectation would be that a custom cell overriding isItemChanged would suffice in client code, f.i. the example in RT-22463 adding

        Callback<Person, TableRow<Person>> rowFactory = p -> {
            return new TableRow() {
                @Override
                public boolean isItemChanged(Person old, Person newPerson) {
                    return old != newPerson;
                }
                // still needs help of skin to trigger update of child cells
                //@Override
                //protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
                // return new TableRowSkinX(this);
                //}
            };
        };
        table.setRowFactory(rowFactory);

after that, clicking refresh should update the table but doesn't without uncommenting the override of createDefaultSkin (for workaround skin code, see https://github.com/kleopatra/swingempire-fx/blob/master/fx8-swingempire/src/java/de/swingempire/fx/scene/control/cell/TableRowSkinX.java