The bug description was originally posted in RT-10575, I am creating a new bug because I believe it doesn't have the same cause as the original one. I personally wasn't able to reproduce this problem, I am using Windows 7 64b.

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From David Grieve:
I'm getting the same exception from different code with a slightly different stack. This is with a top-level, clean build.

I haven't been able to isolate the application code which causes this, but it happens when running apps/internal/JFXControls and selecting the image skinning tab.

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Upload requires 9216 elements, but only 8432 elements remain in the buffer
        at com.sun.prism.impl.BaseTexture.checkUpdateParams(BaseTexture.java:162)
        at com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Texture.update(ES2Texture.java:409)
        at com.sun.prism.impl.BaseTexture.update(BaseTexture.java:104)
        at com.sun.prism.impl.BaseResourceFactory.createTexture(BaseResourceFactory.java:113)
        at com.sun.prism.impl.BaseResourceFactory.getCachedTexture(BaseResourceFactory.java:93)
        at com.sun.prism.impl.BaseResourceFactory.getCachedTexture(BaseResourceFactory.java:84)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.paintTiles(NGRegion.java:701)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:291)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:340)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:340)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:340)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:340)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:340)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.renderRectClip(NGNode.java:318)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.renderClip(NGNode.java:341)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:259)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:340)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:340)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:169)
        at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:267)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.glass.PrismPen$1.paintImpl(PrismPen.java:146)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.glass.PrismPen$1.run(PrismPen.java:213)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.glass.RunnableEvent.run(RunnableEvent.java:13)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.glass.GlassToolkitImpl.processRenderTasks(GlassToolkitImpl.java:233)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.glass.GlassToolkitImpl.step(GlassToolkitImpl.java:252)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.glass.GlassToolkitImpl.access$000(GlassToolkitImpl.java:34)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.glass.GlassToolkitImpl$1.run(GlassToolkitImpl.java:65)

The exception happens on Mac OS X 10.6.6 with a NVIDIA GeForce 8600M GT graphics card.