Please save attached image.png, image@2x.png to some folder and compile/run the following test code (in HiDPI mode):

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.File;

public class Test extends Frame {

    static Image img;
    public Test() { EventQueue.invokeLater(this::CreateUI); }

    private void CreateUI() {
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { dispose(); }
        });

        setSize(200, 200);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics gr) {
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gr;
        if (g != null) {
            File imageFile = new File("image.png");
            String fileName = imageFile.getAbsolutePath();
            img = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(fileName);
            g.drawImage(img, 50, 50, this);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new Test(); }
}

expected behavior - the blue square is drawn.

then corrupt @2x image:
> echo "?!?" > image@2x.png
or
> rm image@2x.png
> touch image@2x.png
and run again - the green square is drawn (this looks reasonable: cannot load @2x image => load @1x image).

please restore image@2x.png and corrupt image.png:
> echo "?!?" > image.png
and run again: image@2x is not loaded. Shouldn't we try to load the uncorrupted image@2x.png? So there is some asymmetry here.

Checked with: Mac OS X 10.10 + Quartz, JDK9 b77