JDP does not seem to work in JDK9. I started JConsole with the following command:

<JDK8u60>\bin\java -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=7091 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=7091 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.autodiscovery=true -Dcom.sun.management.jdp.name=MyCluster/MyJVM -jar <JDK8u60>\lib\jconsole.jar

That worked, i.e. the JVM appeared in the JVM Browser of Java Mission Control. But if I started JConsole with JDK9 (see below), JMC did not find find anything with JDP.

<JDK9-106>\bin\java -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=7091 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=7091 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.autodiscovery=true -Dcom.sun.management.jdp.name=MyCluster/MyJVM -jar <JDK8u60>\lib\jconsole.jar

I've also checked the network traffic with Wireshark: there is no UDP or ICMP packet with JDP information when starting a JDK9 JVM, but I found it when starting on 8u60.