Please run the following code:

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.ProgressIndicator;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class ProgressTest extends Application {

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {

        Group root = new Group();
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 200, 200);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        double progress = 1.5;// -Double.MIN_VALUE;
        ProgressIndicator i = new ProgressIndicator(progress);
        i.setPadding(new Insets(20, 20, 20, 20));
        root.getChildren().add(i);
        stage.show();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); }
}

The "Done" indicator will appear (JDK9 b129, Win. 7); the progress value here is 150%.

Then please try
 progress = -Double.MIN_VALUE
- no progress indicator displayed at all.
try
 progress = Double.MIN_VALUE
- "0%" indicator will appear. This seems to be inconsistent (especially when using some rough estimates for the progress value).