FULL PRODUCT VERSION :
java version "1.8.0_112-ea"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_112-ea-b01)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 25.112-b01, mixed mode)

ADDITIONAL OS VERSION INFORMATION :
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.10586]

EXTRA RELEVANT SYSTEM CONFIGURATION :
Use Open Source PDF Printer "PDFCreator 1.01" (http://www.pdfforge.org/) or a newer version of this software printer to reproduce the bug.
But all other tested hardware printers have same behavior...

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
Chromaticity.MONOCHROME is ignored when using DocPrintJob with DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE. The output of a PDF file still is a color document. This does not confirm to JavaDoc in javax.print.attribute.standard.Chromaticity

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
you need 2 files:
- one is an image file (e.g. created with MS Paint or any other GIF editor) showing a simple graphics, in red color (or any other color that's not black and not just any gray value)
- second file is a PDF file containing an image with color content (use any PDF file)

Implement some code which uses DocPrintJob, to print a multi-page PDF file directly as InputStream (to be sent to the printer as PDF or PostScript, but NOT as image) - see code example below

add the attribute Chromaticity.MONOCHROME - but it's not considered with DocPrintJob with streams

For the provided example, consider:
disable lines 40-41
      FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("C:\\YourColorPDFFile.pdf");
      Doc doc = new SimpleDoc(fin, DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE, null);
and enable lines 38-39 to test the described behavior with a GIF DocFlavor, where it works as expected. Disable 38-39 and enable 40-41 to test with PDF and DocFlavor AUTOSENSE to get the unexpected result.

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
as defined in JavaDoc of javax.print.attribute.standard.Chromaticity, I expect the job.print method to convert a color image to a (rastered or grayscaled) monochrome output:

Effect on Color Document -> Printed in monochrome, with colors converted to shades of gray
ACTUAL -
with the GIF file, and DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.GIF, the Chromaticity.MONOCHROME is correctly applied - and the PDF created by the printer is a grayscale output.

with the PDF file, and DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE in Line 41, the Chromaticity.MONOCHROME is ignored, and the output still contains colors.

REPRODUCIBILITY :
This bug can be reproduced always.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.print.Doc;
import javax.print.DocFlavor;
import javax.print.DocPrintJob;
import javax.print.PrintException;
import javax.print.PrintService;
import javax.print.PrintServiceLookup;
import javax.print.SimpleDoc;
import javax.print.attribute.HashPrintRequestAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.PrintRequestAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.Chromaticity;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.Copies;

public class PrintTest {
  static public void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
    try {
      PrintRequestAttributeSet pras = new HashPrintRequestAttributeSet();
      pras.add(new Copies(1));

      PrintService pss[] = PrintServiceLookup.lookupPrintServices(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.GIF, pras);//INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE, pras);
      pras.add(Chromaticity.MONOCHROME);

      if (pss.length == 0)
        throw new RuntimeException("No printer services available.");

      PrintService ps = pss[0];
      for (PrintService pdf : pss){
     if (pdf.getName().equals("PDFCreator"))
     ps=pdf;
      }
      System.out.println("Printing to " + ps);

      
      DocPrintJob job = ps.createPrintJob();

// FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("C:\\YourImageFile.gif");
// Doc doc = new SimpleDoc(fin, DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.GIF, null);
      FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("C:\\YourColorPDFFile.pdf");
      Doc doc = new SimpleDoc(fin, DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE, null);

      job.print(doc, pras);

      fin.close();
    } catch (IOException ie) {
      ie.printStackTrace();
    } catch (PrintException pe) {
      pe.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}
---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
The only workaround I found is to use image printing, instead of direct PDF printing - what requires much more memory when printing e.g. a 40-page Din-A4 Document.