FULL PRODUCT VERSION :
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.152-b16, mixed mode)

ADDITIONAL OS VERSION INFORMATION :
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.15063]

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
1. Populate TableView with multiple rows.
2. Add listener to TableView.getSelectionModel().
3. Select a row.
4. Reset TableView content.
5. Observe that TableView's selection model publishes an event indicating that all new rows are selected.

This seems to be caused by itemsContentListener in TableView.java (line 2111):

        final ListChangeListener<S> itemsContentListener = c -> {
            updateItemCount();

            List<S> items1 = getTableModel();

            while (c.next()) {
                if (c.wasReplaced() || c.getAddedSize() == getItemCount()) {
                    this.selectedItemChange = c;
                    updateDefaultSelection();
                    this.selectedItemChange = null;
                    return;
                }

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
Launch app, select first row and then press button. Selection event erroneously returns full TableView list instead of selected item list.

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
Printed to system.out:

New selection: [StringProperty [value: alpha]]
New selection: []
ACTUAL -
Printed to system.out:

New selection: [StringProperty [value: alpha]]
New selection: [StringProperty [value: delta], StringProperty [value: echo], StringProperty [value: foxtrot]]

REPRODUCIBILITY :
This bug can be reproduced always.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
package test;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.Property;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.collections.ListChangeListener;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * Launch app, select first row and then press button. Selection event erroneously returns
 * full TableView list instead of selected item list.
 */
public class TestApplication extends Application {
public static void main(String[] pArgs) {launch(pArgs);}

@Override public void start(Stage pStage) throws IOException {
Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(
(pThread, pThrowable) -> pThrowable.printStackTrace()
);

        final TableView<Property<String>> tableView = new TableView<>();
        final TableColumn<Property<String>,String> col = new TableColumn<>("Col");
        col.setCellValueFactory(TableColumn.CellDataFeatures::getValue);
        tableView.getColumns().add(col);
        tableView.getItems().addAll(
            Stream.of("alpha", "bravo", "charlie").map(SimpleStringProperty::new).collect(
                Collectors.toList()
            )
        );

        tableView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItems().addListener(
            (ListChangeListener<Property<String>>) change -> System.out.println(
                "New selection: " + change.getList()
            )
        );

        final Button btn = new Button("update content");
        btn.setOnMouseClicked(
            event -> tableView.getItems().setAll(
                Stream.of("delta", "echo", "foxtrot").map(SimpleStringProperty::new).collect(
                    Collectors.toList()
                )
            )
        );

pStage.setTitle("Test");
pStage.setScene(new Scene(new VBox(tableView, btn), 400, 300));
pStage.show();
}
}

---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
In listeners, access TableView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItems() instead of change.getList().