Steps to reproduce:
1) Install Source Code Pro font from https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-code-pro/archive/2.030R-ro/1.050R-it.zip
(install all fonts from TTF subfolder)
2) Set system locale to Russian
(on Windows 10 it's done in Control Panel -> Region -> Administrative -> Language for non-Unicode programs -> Change system locale...,
reboot is required)
3) Run the sample program with source given below.

Expected result: '123' digits are rendered in opened window (see attached renderingWithUSLocale.png).
Actual result: different glyphs are rendered (see attached renderingWithRussianLocale.png).

The issue is reproduced with latest Java 8 (1.8.0_152) and 9 (9.0.1) release builds.

---Sample program source code start---

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class FontDrawingTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getAllFonts();
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new JFrame();
            frame.add(new MyComponent());
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setSize(200, 200);
            frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }

    private static class MyComponent extends JComponent {
        private final Font font = new Font("Source Code Pro", Font.ITALIC, 24);
        private final String text = "123";

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            ((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING,
                                              RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_LCD_HRGB);
            g.setFont(font);
            g.drawString(text, 70, 80);
        }
    }
}

---Sample program source code end---