A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
I ran into the same issue as reported in JDK-8164446. The issue has been closed because it was missing a reproducer. I was able to create a reproducer here: https://gist.github.com/micheljung/b171b4e397306b5541ebd2fab7422538

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
See https://gist.github.com/micheljung/b171b4e397306b5541ebd2fab7422538

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
No exception
ACTUAL -
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 5
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.binding.ExpressionHelper$Generic.addListener(ExpressionHelper.java:294)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.binding.ExpressionHelper.addListener(ExpressionHelper.java:68)
at javafx.base/javafx.beans.property.StringPropertyBase.addListener(StringPropertyBase.java:86)
at JDK8164446.lambda$start$1(JDK8164446.java:14)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:844)

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class JDK8164446 extends Application {

  @Override
  public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
    StringProperty stringProperty = new SimpleStringProperty();

    new Thread(() -> {
      while (true) {
        stringProperty.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> noop());
      }
    }).start();

    while (true) {
      stringProperty.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> noop());
    }
  }

  private static void noop() {

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
  }
}

---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
Only add listeners in the JavaFX Application thread or synchronize on every property where a listener is added.

FREQUENCY : always