Running javac under security manager, I encountered the following failure:

Exception in thread "main" java.security.AccessControlException: access denied ("java.util.PropertyPermission" "user.dir" "read")
at java.base/java.security.AccessControlContext.checkPermission(AccessControlContext.java:472)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.checkPermission(AccessController.java:895)
at java.base/java.lang.SecurityManager.checkPermission(SecurityManager.java:322)
at java.base/java.lang.SecurityManager.checkPropertyAccess(SecurityManager.java:1066)
at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixPath.toAbsolutePath(UnixPath.java:842)
at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixPath.toRealPath(UnixPath.java:852)
at jdk.zipfs/jdk.nio.zipfs.ZipFileSystemProvider.removeFileSystem(ZipFileSystemProvider.java:321)
at jdk.zipfs/jdk.nio.zipfs.ZipFileSystem.close(ZipFileSystem.java:302)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.Locations$SearchPath.addFile(Locations.java:382)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.Locations$SearchPath.addFiles(Locations.java:342)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.Locations$SearchPath.addFiles(Locations.java:330)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.Locations$SearchPath.addFiles(Locations.java:336)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.Locations$SimpleLocationHandler.handleOption(Locations.java:705)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.Locations.handleOption(Locations.java:2114)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.BaseFileManager.handleOption(BaseFileManager.java:269)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file.BaseFileManager.handleOptions(BaseFileManager.java:282)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:258)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:170)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.Main.compile(Main.java:57)
at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.Main.main(Main.java:43)

It is the case that jdk.zipfs does not have a PropertyPermission for user.dir, and it is also the case that granting the privilege to all code bases fixed the problem.