Compiled method with checkcast instruction that will be patched may fail, if objects moved in heap during patching runtime call.

Example test:

class Test {
        static class LoadLast {
                final long value = System.nanoTime();
        }

        static Object load() {
                return new LoadLast();
        }

        static Object work() {
                LoadLast o = (LoadLast) load();
                return o;
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
                System.out.println(((LoadLast) work()).value);
        }
}

Flags to reproduce
-Xcomp -Xbatch
-XX:CompileCommand=quiet -XX:CompileOnly=Test::work
-XX:+PrintGC -XX:+TracePatching
-XX:+FullGCALot -XX:FullGCALotStart=2110
-XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1
Test

FullGCALotStart tuned to reduce number FullGCs but to make sure it will be done during checkcast patching, which accompanied with the message from TracePatching