Due to numerical overflow the following code throws NegativeArraySizeException instead of OutOfMemoryError:

import java.util.regex.*;

public class T {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        Pattern.compile("\\Q" + "a".repeat(Integer.MAX_VALUE / 3 + 42));
    }
}

The test requires extra memory to hold a large pattern, so it needs to be run with -Xmx5G at least.