It was discovered that most methods of the default SyncResolver returned by SyncProviderException doesn't throw declarted SQLException but throw NPE or UOE instead:

        // SyncProviderException::getSyncResolver
        // Returns: In addition, the default SyncResolver implementation
        // is also returned if the SyncResolver() or SyncResolver(String) constructors
        // are used to instantiate the SyncResolver instance.
        SyncResolver defaultSR = new SyncProviderException().getSyncResolver();

        defaultSR.getStatus();
        // Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
        // at java.sql.rowset/com.sun.rowset.internal.SyncResolverImpl.getStatus(SyncResolverImpl.java:135)

        defaultSR.previousConflict();
        // Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
        // at java.sql.rowset/com.sun.rowset.internal.SyncResolverImpl.previousConflict(SyncResolverImpl.java:506)