(Synopsis is provisional, feel free to change after root cause is found)

Run this, reproduces reliably.

$ CONF=linux-x86_64-server-fastdebug make run-test TEST=compiler/aot TEST_VM_OPTS="-XX:+VerifyOops"

==============================
Test summary
==============================
   TEST TOTAL PASS FAIL ERROR
>> jtreg:test/hotspot/jtreg/compiler/aot 67 33 34 0

Example hs_err:

# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00007fc2830075b5, pid=16633, tid=16658
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (15.0) (fastdebug build 15-internal+0-adhoc.shade.jdk-jdk)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (fastdebug 15-internal+0-adhoc.shade.jdk-jdk, mixed mode, aot, tiered, g1 gc, linux-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# v ~RuntimeStub::AOT Stub<resolve_string_by_symbol(Word,Word)Object>
#

--------------- T H R E A D ---------------

Current thread (0x00007fc29cde0800): JavaThread "MainThread" [_thread_in_Java, id=16658, stack(0x00007fc166dbc000,0x00007fc166ebd000)]

Stack: [0x00007fc166dbc000,0x00007fc166ebd000], sp=0x00007fc166ebac60, free space=1019k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, A=aot compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
v ~RuntimeStub::AOT Stub<resolve_string_by_symbol(Word,Word)Object>
A 3 compiler.aot.SharedUsageTest.<clinit>()V (13 bytes) @ 0x00007fc282ffa5c0 [0x00007fc282ffa220+0x00000000000003a0]
v ~StubRoutines::call_stub
V [libjvm.so+0xc3881c] JavaCalls::call_helper(JavaValue*, methodHandle const&, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*)+0x71c
V [libjvm.so+0xbf6e1f] InstanceKlass::call_class_initializer(Thread*)+0x1af
V [libjvm.so+0xbf983c] InstanceKlass::initialize_impl(Thread*)+0x5ec
V [libjvm.so+0xbf9d53] InstanceKlass::initialize(Thread*)+0x83
V [libjvm.so+0x1385c9f] invoke(InstanceKlass*, methodHandle const&, Handle, bool, objArrayHandle, BasicType, objArrayHandle, bool, Thread*) [clone .constprop.128]+0x8f
V [libjvm.so+0x1387886] Reflection::invoke_method(oop, Handle, objArrayHandle, Thread*)+0x196
V [libjvm.so+0xdc07b6] JVM_InvokeMethod+0x1f6
j jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+0 java.base@15-internal
j jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+100 java.base@15-internal
j jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+6 java.base@15-internal
j java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+59 java.base@15-internal
j com.sun.javatest.regtest.agent.MainWrapper$MainThread.run()V+172
j java.lang.Thread.run()V+11 java.base@15-internal
v ~StubRoutines::call_stub
V [libjvm.so+0xc3881c] JavaCalls::call_helper(JavaValue*, methodHandle const&, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*)+0x71c
V [libjvm.so+0xc3ce85] JavaCalls::call_virtual(JavaValue*, Handle, Klass*, Symbol*, Symbol*, Thread*)+0x495
V [libjvm.so+0xda1ce3] thread_entry(JavaThread*, Thread*)+0xa3
V [libjvm.so+0x168a126] JavaThread::thread_main_inner()+0x206
V [libjvm.so+0x168ef56] Thread::call_run()+0xf6
V [libjvm.so+0x128c5ce] thread_native_entry(Thread*)+0x10e