In 8u the JSSE implementation would have the client-side throw SSLExceptions if an alert condition occurs during handshaking and a read or write operation on the input/output streams occur. In JDK 11 and onward, the new handshaker does not cause an exception to be delivered to the client when a read operation happens after a failed/alerted handshake.

On JDK 8u, the exception delivered to the client will look like this:

javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Connection has been shutdown: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path validation failed: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Algorithm constraints check failed on keysize limits. RSA 952bit key used with certificate: <DN OMITTED> Usage was tls server
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.checkEOF(SSLSocketImpl.java:1533)
        at sun.security.ssl.AppInputStream.read(AppInputStream.java:95)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at ServerClientSSLSocket.doClientSide(ServerClientSSLSocket.java:45)
        at ServerClientSSLSocket.main(ServerClientSSLSocket.java:62)
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path validation failed: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Algorithm constraints check failed on keysize limits. RSA 952bit key used with certificate: <DN OMITTED>. Usage was tls server
        at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1946)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:316)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:310)
        at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1640)
        at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:223)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:1037)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:965)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1064)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1367)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.writeRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:750)
        at sun.security.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(AppOutputStream.java:123)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.writeBytes(StreamEncoder.java:221)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.implFlushBuffer(StreamEncoder.java:291)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.implFlush(StreamEncoder.java:295)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.flush(StreamEncoder.java:141)
        at java.io.OutputStreamWriter.flush(OutputStreamWriter.java:229)
        at java.io.BufferedWriter.flush(BufferedWriter.java:254)
        at java.io.PrintWriter.flush(PrintWriter.java:320)
        at ServerClientSSLSocket.doClientSide(ServerClientSSLSocket.java:44)
        ... 1 more
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path validation failed: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Algorithm constraints check failed on keysize limits. RSA 952bit key used with certificate: <DN OMITTED> Usage was tls server
        at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doValidate(PKIXValidator.java:362)
        at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:259)
        at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:262)
        at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:330)
        at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:237)
        at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:132)
        at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1622)
        ... 16 more
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Algorithm constraints check failed on keysize limits. RSA 952bit key used with certificate: <DN OMITTED>. Usage was tls server
        at sun.security.provider.certpath.PKIXMasterCertPathValidator.validate(PKIXMasterCertPathValidator.java:135)
        at sun.security.provider.certpath.PKIXCertPathValidator.validate(PKIXCertPathValidator.java:238)
        at sun.security.provider.certpath.PKIXCertPathValidator.validate(PKIXCertPathValidator.java:146)
        at sun.security.provider.certpath.PKIXCertPathValidator.engineValidate(PKIXCertPathValidator.java:85)
        at java.security.cert.CertPathValidator.validate(CertPathValidator.java:292)
        at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doValidate(PKIXValidator.java:357)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Algorithm constraints check failed on keysize limits. RSA 952bit key used with certificate:<DN OMITTED> Usage was tls server
        at sun.security.util.DisabledAlgorithmConstraints$KeySizeConstraint.permits(DisabledAlgorithmConstraints.java:817)
        at sun.security.util.DisabledAlgorithmConstraints$Constraints.permits(DisabledAlgorithmConstraints.java:419)
        at sun.security.util.DisabledAlgorithmConstraints.permits(DisabledAlgorithmConstraints.java:167)
        at sun.security.provider.certpath.AlgorithmChecker.check(AlgorithmChecker.java:326)
        at sun.security.provider.certpath.PKIXMasterCertPathValidator.validate(PKIXMasterCertPathValidator.java:125)
        ... 27 more

While on 11 and later, you will see behavior similar to this:

$ java OPTIONS_OMITTED ServerClientSSLSocket
doServerSide start
doServerSide ready
doClientSide start
Server sslSocket: /10.100.192.143
response is null