Test case:
public class TestFoldCompares {

    public int test() {
        byte by = -37;
        int result = 1;
        int iArr[] = new int[6];

        for (int i = 0; i < iArr.length; i++) {
            iArr[i] = 0;
        }

        for (int i = 16; i < 308; i++) {
            result *= i;
            if ((result--) <= (++by)) {
                continue;
            }

            for (int j = 3; j < 86; j++) {
                for (int k = 1; k < 2; k++) {
                    result >>= 25;
                }

                for (int k = 1; k < 2; k += 3) {
                    try {
                        iArr[k] = (16986 / result);
                    } catch (ArithmeticException a_e) {
                    }
                    result = k;
                }
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestFoldCompares obj = new TestFoldCompares();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int result = obj.test();
            if (result != 1) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Test failed.");
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Test passed.");
    }

}

$ java TestFoldCompares

--------------- T H R E A D ---------------

Current thread (0x0000ffff8049dc80): JavaThread "C2 CompilerThread0" daemon [_thread_in_native, id=123223, stack(0x0000ffff08131000,0x0000ffff08331000)]

Current CompileTask:
C2: 1214 53 % ! 4 TestFoldCompares::test @ 77 (140 bytes)

Stack: [0x0000ffff08131000,0x0000ffff08331000], sp=0x0000ffff0832bb90, free space=2026k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, A=aot compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
V [libjvm.so+0x41bb6c] Node::is_Phi() const+0xc
V [libjvm.so+0x1085be4] ok_to_convert(Node*, Node*)+0x18
V [libjvm.so+0x1086024] SubINode::Ideal(PhaseGVN*, bool)+0x3fc
V [libjvm.so+0xee1778] PhaseGVN::apply_ideal(Node*, bool)+0x70
V [libjvm.so+0xee2ff8] PhaseIterGVN::transform_old(Node*)+0xf8
V [libjvm.so+0xee2ef8] PhaseIterGVN::transform(Node*)+0x8c
V [libjvm.so+0x99b0cc] IfNode::fold_compares_helper(ProjNode*, ProjNode*, ProjNode*, PhaseIterGVN*)+0xc14
V [libjvm.so+0x99c3a0] IfNode::fold_compares(PhaseIterGVN*)+0x17c
V [libjvm.so+0x99cb74] IfNode::Ideal(PhaseGVN*, bool)+0xb4
V [libjvm.so+0xee1778] PhaseGVN::apply_ideal(Node*, bool)+0x70
V [libjvm.so+0xee2ff8] PhaseIterGVN::transform_old(Node*)+0xf8
V [libjvm.so+0xee2dac] PhaseIterGVN::optimize()+0x150
V [libjvm.so+0x6b7f1c] Compile::Optimize()+0x930
V [libjvm.so+0x6b1a64] Compile::Compile(ciEnv*, ciMethod*, int, bool, bool, bool, bool, DirectiveSet*)+0xc6c
V [libjvm.so+0x5a31c4] C2Compiler::compile_method(ciEnv*, ciMethod*, int, bool, DirectiveSet*)+0x158
V [libjvm.so+0x6cc678] CompileBroker::invoke_compiler_on_method(CompileTask*)+0x784
V [libjvm.so+0x6cb438] CompileBroker::compiler_thread_loop()+0x378
V [libjvm.so+0x1107334] compiler_thread_entry(JavaThread*, Thread*)+0x84
V [libjvm.so+0x1102554] JavaThread::thread_main_inner()+0x174
V [libjvm.so+0x11023cc] JavaThread::run()+0x1a0
V [libjvm.so+0x10fe2e4] Thread::call_run()+0x19c
V [libjvm.so+0xe7e668] thread_native_entry(Thread*)+0x1e4
C [libpthread.so.0+0x78bc] start_thread+0x19c

For the following logic in IfNode::fold_compares_helper:
 995 if (lo && hi) {
 996 // Merge the two compares into a single unsigned compare by building (CmpU (n - lo) (hi - lo))
 997 Node* adjusted_val = igvn->transform(new SubINode(n, lo));
 998 if (adjusted_lim == NULL) {
 999 adjusted_lim = igvn->transform(new SubINode(hi, lo));
1000 }

At line 997, we have:
(gdb) p lo->dump()
 641 AddI === _ 513 92 [[]]
$1 = void

After the transformation at line 997, we have
(gdb) p lo->dump()
 641 AddI === _ _ _ [[]] [34200641]
$3 = void

This node was used at line 999, which triggers the crash.

Proposed fix:
diff -r 14d51ff49d6e src/hotspot/share/opto/ifnode.cpp
--- a/src/hotspot/share/opto/ifnode.cpp Sat Jul 25 16:40:10 2020 +0800
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/opto/ifnode.cpp Mon Jul 27 10:13:12 2020 +0800
@@ -1408,7 +1408,10 @@
   if (in(0) == NULL) return NULL; // Dead loop?

   PhaseIterGVN* igvn = phase->is_IterGVN();
+ bool saved_delay_transform = igvn->delay_transform();
+ igvn->set_delay_transform(true);
   Node* result = fold_compares(igvn);
+ igvn->set_delay_transform(saved_delay_transform);
   if (result != NULL) {
     return result;
   }