[JVMCI] cache the result of CompilerToVM.getComponentType

Linux perf profiles of CompileTheWorld with libgraal show that CompilerToVM.getComponentType is the most expensive JVMCI VM entry point with almost 2% of total execution time:

+ 1.87% 0.04% [.] c2v_getComponentType
+ 0.54% 0.00% [.] c2v_installCode
     0.39% 0.00% [.] c2v_getResolvedJavaType0
     0.04% 0.00% [.] c2v_resolvePossiblyCachedConstantInPool
     0.03% 0.00% [.] c2v_interpreterFrameSize
     0.03% 0.01% [.] c2v_isAssignableFrom
     0.02% 0.00% [.] c2v_translate
     0.01% 0.00% [.] c2v_getIdentityHashCode

It's worth caching the result of this call.