Copied from java.lang.annotation.Target's API documentation:

> If an @Target meta-annotation is not present on an annotation type T, then an annotation of type T may be written as a modifier for any declaration except a type parameter declaration.

As "module declarations" are not listed in the exception above, the following minimal modular example should compile:

  `A.java`
  | package test;
  | public @interface A {}

  `module-info.java`
  | @test.A
  | module test {}

The error message reads:

javac -d classes --module-source-path . --module test

  | ./test/module-info.java:1: error: annotation type not applicable to this kind of declaration
  | @test.A
  | ^
  | 1 error

Find the _not-compiling_ source code of the example here: https://github.com/sormuras/sandbox/tree/master/java-annotation-on-module