It's observed that the below code fails with ProviderNotFoundException when run with --limit-modules java.base, even though the code not referring any source outside java.base module. It passes with out any module restriction.

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Path filePath = Path.of("file");
        try {
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystems.newFileSystem(filePath);
            System.out.println(" The fileSystem is " + fileSystem);
        } catch (IOException exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ProviderNotFoundException ex) {
            System.out.println(" Not expected : " + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }