Synopsis is provisional. See the attached test.

$ java -Xint -XX:CompileCommand=quiet -XX:CompileOnly=Test Test > int.out
$ java -Xcomp -XX:CompileCommand=quiet -XX:CompileOnly=Test Test > comp.out

$ diff int.out comp.out
36c36
< vMeth_check_sum: -3490822255
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -3490822268
48c48
< vMeth_check_sum: -4561152040
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -4561152066
60c60
< vMeth_check_sum: -5631481825
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -5631481864
72c72
< vMeth_check_sum: -6701811610
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -6701811662
84c84
< vMeth_check_sum: -7772141395
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -7772141460
96c96
< vMeth_check_sum: -8842471180
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -8842471258
108c108
< vMeth_check_sum: -9912800965
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -9912801056
120c120
< vMeth_check_sum: -10983130750
---
> vMeth_check_sum: -10983130854


This only happens with C2, and only on recent builds I bisected this failure to JDK-8241502.
I further bisected to this hunk. Assembler::andb is newly introduced by JDK-8241502.

// And Memory with Register
instruct andB_mem_rReg(memory dst, rRegI src, rFlagsReg cr)
%{
  match(Set dst (StoreB dst (AndI (LoadB dst) src)));
  effect(KILL cr);

  ins_cost(150);
  format %{ "andb $dst, $src\t# byte" %}
- opcode(0x20);
- ins_encode(REX_breg_mem(src, dst), OpcP, reg_mem(src, dst));
+ ins_encode %{
+ __ andb($dst$$Address, $src$$Register);
+ %}
  ins_pipe(ialu_mem_reg);
%}

Staring closely to its implementation, I think prefix(..., /* is_byte_instr = */ true) is missing:

diff --git a/src/hotspot/cpu/x86/assembler_x86.cpp b/src/hotspot/cpu/x86/assembler_x86.cpp
index c5236b35bf4..72629508414 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/cpu/x86/assembler_x86.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/cpu/x86/assembler_x86.cpp
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@ void Assembler::vaesenclast(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, i
 
 void Assembler::andb(Address dst, Register src) {
   InstructionMark im(this);
- prefix(dst, src);
+ prefix(dst, src, true);
   emit_int8(0x20);
   emit_operand(src, dst);
 }