JDK-8095314 changed the bullet character from \u2022 to \u25cf. This works fine on Desktop, but the current unicode is not supported on Android with most of the typical fonts, like Roboto (see https://www.htmlsymbols.xyz/unicode/U+25CF).
Since there is a custom TextFieldSkinAndroid, it should be possible to revert the unicode, just for Android, to the original symbol, which is fully supported (https://www.htmlsymbols.xyz/unicode/U+2022).