A non-root user (e.g., with UID 1000) running inside a podman container cannot use jps to list the JVM processes inside the same container. However, jcmd can still interact with these processes by process ID.

===================
Ubuntu 20.10
podman version 3.2.1

$ mkdir -p my-java-app2
$ cd my-java-app2
$ cat > Dockerfile <<EOF
FROM container-registry.oracle.com/java/openjdk:17
COPY Wait.class /
CMD ["java", "-cp", "/", "Wait"]
EOF
$ cat > Wait.java << END
public class Wait {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("pid = " + ProcessHandle.current().pid());
        Thread.sleep(100000000);
    }
}
END
$ javac Wait.java
$ podman build -t my-java-app2 .

# -------
# In terminal #1
$ podman run -it --tty=true --rm my-java-app2 bash

# -------
# In terminal #2 (note the container ID)
$ podman ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2c9bae30fd60 localhost/my-java-app2:latest bash 27 seconds ago Up 27 seconds ago wizardly_pasteur
$ podman exec --user 1000 -it --tty=true 2c9bae30fd60 bash
bash-4.4$ java -cp / Wait
pid = 79

# -------
# In terminal #3
$ podman exec --user 1000 -it --tty=true 2c9bae30fd60 bash
bash-4.4$ ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 02:23 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
1000 73 0 0 02:24 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
1000 79 73 0 02:25 pts/1 00:00:00 java -cp / Wait
1000 99 0 1 02:25 pts/2 00:00:00 bash
1000 105 99 0 02:25 pts/2 00:00:00 ps -ef
bash-4.4$ whoami
whoami: cannot find name for user ID 1000
bash-4.4$ jps
bash-4.4$ jps | wc
      0 0 0
bash-4.4$ jcmd
bash-4.4$ jcmd Wait VM.version
Could not find any processes matching : 'Wait'
bash-4.4$ jcmd 79 VM.version
79:
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM version 17.0.1+12-39
JDK 17.0.1

==================
NOTE: the bug will NOT happen if the command in terminal #1 was this instead:
$ podman run -it --user 1000 --tty=true --rm my-java-app2 bash