A BMP file with oversized dimensions can fail during parsing in ImageIO.read() with memory exhaustion when creating the raster as input to the BufferedImage constructor [1].

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at java.desktop/java.awt.image.DataBufferByte.<init>(DataBufferByte.java:92)
at java.desktop/java.awt.image.ComponentSampleModel.createDataBuffer(ComponentSampleModel.java:436)
at java.desktop/java.awt.image.Raster.createWritableRaster(Raster.java:1122)
at java.desktop/com.sun.imageio.plugins.bmp.BMPImageReader.read(BMPImageReader.java:910)
at java.desktop/javax.imageio.ImageIO.read(ImageIO.java:1470)
at java.desktop/javax.imageio.ImageIO.read(ImageIO.java:1365)
  

[1] https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/e96c599ed2a30ea116803aac0e85ba701ad40e25/src/java.desktop/share/classes/com/sun/imageio/plugins/bmp/BMPImageReader.java#L910