ofEpochDay verifies that the input is in the allowed range for ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY, then after a calculating the year validates that this is in the allowed range for ChronoField.YEAR. ofEpochDay(EPOCH_DAY.getMinimum()) and ofEpochDay(EPOCH_DAY.getMaximum()) both evaluate to dates with a year in the allowed range [-999999999, 999999999] so the runtime validation is redundant.

To be sure a test that checks that values around and near EPOCH_DAYS range edges throw exceptions as expected with and without the redundant validation should be added.