Currently some operations of RandomAccessFile are implemented with multiple read() invocations:

public final int readInt() throws IOException {
    int ch1 = this.read();
    int ch2 = this.read();
    int ch3 = this.read();
    int ch4 = this.read();
    if ((ch1 | ch2 | ch3 | ch4) < 0)
      throw new EOFException();
    return ((ch1 << 24) + (ch2 << 16) + (ch3 << 8) + (ch4 << 0));
}

 This can be improved by using bulk reads:

public final int readInt() throws IOException {
  readFully(readBuffer, 0, 4);
  return Bits.getInt(readBuffer, 0);
}

Benchmarking:

baselile
Benchmark (kiloBytes) Mode Cnt Score Error Units
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readInt 1 avgt 10 1060,526 ± 62,036 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readInt 5 avgt 10 5745,671 ± 1374,277 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readLong 1 avgt 10 1399,494 ± 378,072 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readLong 5 avgt 10 4864,425 ± 329,282 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readShort 1 avgt 10 1111,163 ± 70,883 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readShort 5 avgt 10 4933,058 ± 339,273 us/op

patch
Benchmark (kiloBytes) Mode Cnt Score Error Units
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readInt 1 avgt 10 311,404 ± 17,337 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readInt 5 avgt 10 1210,381 ± 22,742 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readLong 1 avgt 10 201,726 ± 8,885 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readLong 5 avgt 10 667,117 ± 6,779 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readShort 1 avgt 10 560,259 ± 16,783 us/op
RandomAccessFileReadBenchmark.readShort 5 avgt 10 2251,975 ± 54,533 us/op