If one has for example

$ ls -l link ~/TheTarget
-rw-r--r-- 1 bpb staff 0 Oct 19 10:49 /Users/bpb/TheTarget
lrwxr-xr-x 1 bpb staff 10 Oct 19 10:48 link@ -> /Users/bpb

and one calls Path.of("link/thetarget").toRealPath() the result is

/Users/bpb/TheTarget

but if one calls Path.of("link/thetarget").toRealPath(NOFOLLOW_LINKS) the result it

/Users/bpb/dev/bugs/jdk/Path-toRealPath/link/thetarget

In the latter result the retained case of "thetarget" is not obtained. This appears to be because realpath(3) is used when links are followed, but if they are not followed then the code goes down the hierarchy and the case is not preserved. This example is on APFS.