ADDITIONAL SYSTEM INFORMATION :
x86/windows 10/ openjdk 19.0.1

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
Getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError exception on running fully legitimate code

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
run this snippet

public interface Main {

@interface Annotation {
interface foo {
static void print() {System.out.println("Oops!");}
}

@interface Foo {}
}

static void main(String[] args) {
Annotation.foo.print();
}
}

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
 Ooops in the console
ACTUAL -
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Main$Annotation$Foo (wrong name: Main$Annotation$foo)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1013)
at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:150)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:862)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:760)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClassOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:681)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:639)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
at Main.main(Main.java:13)

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
public interface Main {

@interface Annotation {
interface foo {
static void print() {System.out.println("Oops!");}
}

@interface Foo {}
}

static void main(String[] args) {
Annotation.foo.print();
}
}
---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
rename foo or Foo to something else