A CDS Dynamic Dump occurs at VM exit, not initialization, but the code has:

 VM_PopulateDynamicDumpSharedSpace(const char* archive_name)
...
    FileMapInfo::check_nonempty_dir_in_shared_path_table();

where FileMapInfo::check_nonempty_dir_in_shared_path_table does:

 if (has_nonempty_dir) {
    ClassLoader::exit_with_path_failure("Cannot have non-empty directory in paths", nullptr);
  }

which results in:

  Error occurred during initialization of VM
  Cannot have non-empty directory in paths

It is not clear to me how to deal with detecting this error at dump time when exiting the VM, but the current code is not appropriate. Perhaps this check actually needs to happen at VM startup?