ADDITIONAL SYSTEM INFORMATION :
macOS Sonoma (14.0), x86 and ARM
Oracle JRE 8u381, Azul Zulu JDK FX 8u382

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
A JavaFX application is crashing with an external exception on macOS Sonoma when trying to initialize the AWT Toolkit and loading the AWT native library.
The example code works flawlessly in previous versions of macOS but is happening always on Sonoma.

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
Execute the given example code.

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
The AWT Toolkit initializes/loads successfully without an external exception.
ACTUAL -
The following exception happens using a JDK:

Oct 11, 2023 3:36:03 PM com.sun.glass.ui.mac.MacApplication lambda$waitForReactivation$6
WARNING: Timeout while waiting for app reactivation
2023-10-11 15:36:03.555 java[13110:157270] *** Assertion failure in -[NSMenu itemAtIndex:], NSMenu.m:1435
Exception in Application start method
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:389)
at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:328)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:893)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method
at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:917)
at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$1(LauncherImpl.java:182)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(EventQueue.java:1294)
at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(SwingUtilities.java:1295)
at SonomaBug.start(SonomaBug.java:16)
at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication1$8(LauncherImpl.java:863)
at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runAndWait$7(PlatformImpl.java:326)
at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$null$5(PlatformImpl.java:295)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater$6(PlatformImpl.java:294)
at com.sun.glass.ui.InvokeLaterDispatcher$Future.run(InvokeLaterDispatcher.java:95)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Non-Java exception raised, not handled! (Original problem: Invalid parameter not satisfying: index < [_itemArray count])
at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1950)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1832)
at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:783)
at java.lang.System.load(System.java:1100)
at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1950)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1853)
at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:844)
at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:1136)
at java.awt.Toolkit$3.run(Toolkit.java:1636)
at java.awt.Toolkit$3.run(Toolkit.java:1634)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.awt.Toolkit.loadLibraries(Toolkit.java:1633)
at java.awt.Toolkit.<clinit>(Toolkit.java:1670)
... 9 more
Exception running application SonomaBug

Additional information is available when executing it in a terminal with a JRE:

~/Downloads/jre1.8.0_381.jre/Contents/Home/bin/java SonomaBug
Oct 11, 2023 4:24:21 PM com.sun.glass.ui.mac.MacApplication lambda$waitForReactivation$6
WARNING: Timeout while waiting for app reactivation
2023-10-11 16:24:21.789 java[16115:191908] *** Assertion failure in -[NSMenu itemAtIndex:], NSMenu.m:1435
2023-10-11 16:24:21.790 java[16115:191908] (
0 CoreFoundation 0x00007ff8140790b6 __exceptionPreprocess + 242
1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007ff813b6e231 objc_exception_throw + 48
2 Foundation 0x00007ff81505e766 -[NSCalendarDate initWithCoder:] + 0
3 AppKit 0x00007ff8175fcdca -[NSMenu itemAtIndex:] + 236
4 libawt_lwawt.dylib 0x0000000126eaedae -[ApplicationDelegate init] + 316
5 libawt_lwawt.dylib 0x0000000126eae761 +[ApplicationDelegate sharedDelegate] + 251
6 libawt_lwawt.dylib 0x0000000126efc910 __20+[AWTStarter start:]_block_invoke_2 + 24
7 libawt_lwawt.dylib 0x0000000126efc8c7 +[AWTStarter start:] + 564
8 libawt_lwawt.dylib 0x0000000126efe19f Java_sun_lwawt_macosx_LWCToolkit_initAppkit + 283
9 ??? 0x0000000108b65747 0x0 + 4441134919
)

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
import java.awt.Toolkit;

import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class SonomaBug extends Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Application.launch(SonomaBug.class, args);
}

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit());
}

}
---------- END SOURCE ----------

FREQUENCY : always