With this version:
https://github.com/openjdk/leyden/blob/a72c1abf244d2277dac12ede58fe6e5ec13677af/test/hotspot/jtreg/premain/spring-petclinic/Makefile

=========== reproducer

i=0; while true; do
    i=$(expr $i + 1);
    (rm -f *.cds.*; make runn) | tee log.txt.$i;
    grep UnsatisfiedDependencyException log.txt.$i && break;
done

This loop fails after 7 iterations for me on linux-x64 (product build)

If -XX:-LoadCachedCode is added to the "runn" target, then the error doesn't happen in 40 iterations

============ failure output
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'vetController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0: Error creating bean with name 'vetRepository': Post-processing of FactoryBean's singleton object failed
at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanInstanceSupplier.resolveArgument(BeanInstanceSupplier.java:315) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanInstanceSupplier.resolveArguments(BeanInstanceSupplier.java:258) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanInstanceSupplier.get(BeanInstanceSupplier.java:198) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.obtainInstanceFromSupplier(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:947) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.obtainFromSupplier(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1158) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:560) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:520) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:326) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:324) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:200) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:973) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:941) ~[spring-context-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:608) ~[spring-context-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:146) ~[spring-boot-3.1.1.jar:3.1.1]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:734) ~[spring-boot-3.1.1.jar:3.1.1]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:436) ~[spring-boot-3.1.1.jar:3.1.1]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:312) ~[spring-boot-3.1.1.jar:3.1.1]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1306) ~[spring-boot-3.1.1.jar:3.1.1]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1295) ~[spring-boot-3.1.1.jar:3.1.1]
at org.springframework.samples.petclinic.PetClinicApplication.main(PetClinicApplication.java:35) ~[classes.jar:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'vetRepository': Post-processing of FactoryBean's singleton object failed
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java:108) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getObjectForBeanInstance(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1823) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.getObjectForBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1273) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:336) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:200) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:254) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1417) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1337) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:888) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RegisteredBean.resolveAutowiredArgument(RegisteredBean.java:228) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanInstanceSupplier.resolveArgument(BeanInstanceSupplier.java:312) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
... 21 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.aop.framework.AopConfigException: Could not generate CGLIB subclass of class jdk.proxy2.$Proxy143: Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.buildProxy(CglibAopProxy.java:222) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.getProxy(CglibAopProxy.java:155) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory.getProxy(ProxyFactory.java:110) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.buildProxy(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:517) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.createProxy(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:464) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.wrapIfNecessary(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:369) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:318) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:434) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1885) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java:105) ~[spring-beans-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
... 31 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot subclass final class jdk.proxy2.$Proxy143
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.generateClass(Enhancer.java:653) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:26) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.ClassLoaderAwareGeneratorStrategy.generate(ClassLoaderAwareGeneratorStrategy.java:57) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.generate(AbstractClassGenerator.java:366) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.generate(Enhancer.java:575) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData.lambda$new$1(AbstractClassGenerator.java:107) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.lambda$createEntry$1(LoadingCache.java:52) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:317) ~[na:na]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.createEntry(LoadingCache.java:57) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.get(LoadingCache.java:34) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData.get(AbstractClassGenerator.java:130) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:317) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:562) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createClass(Enhancer.java:407) ~[spring-core-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ObjenesisCglibAopProxy.createProxyClassAndInstance(ObjenesisCglibAopProxy.java:62) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.buildProxy(CglibAopProxy.java:213) ~[spring-aop-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10]
... 40 common frames omitted