Attached test run with:

$ java -XX:+AlwaysIncrementalInline -XX:-TieredCompilation -XX:-BackgroundCompilation -XX:-UseOnStackReplacement TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline

crashes with:

Bad graph detected in build_loop_late
n: 190 LoadI === _ 187 179 [[ 191 110 ]] @java/lang/Class (java/io/Serializable,java/lang/constant/Constable,java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor,java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration,java/lang/reflect/Type,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor$\
OfField):exact+124 *, name=volatileField, idx=5; Volatile! #int !orig=197 !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::testHelper2 @ bci:26 (line 65) TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:17 (line 54)
early(n): 185 MemBarVolatile === 181 1 183 1 1 184 [[ 186 187 ]] !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::testHelper2 @ bci:23 (line 64) TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:17 (line 54)
n->in(1): 187 Proj === 185 [[ 191 190 ]] #2 Memory: @BotPTR *+bot, idx=Bot; !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::testHelper2 @ bci:23 (line 64) TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:17 (line 54)
early(n->in(1)): 185 MemBarVolatile === 181 1 183 1 1 184 [[ 186 187 ]] !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::testHelper2 @ bci:23 (line 64) TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:17 (line 54)
n->in(2): 179 AddP === _ 177 177 178 [[ 184 190 ]] Oop:java/lang/Class (java/io/Serializable,java/lang/constant/Constable,java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor,java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration,java/lang/reflect/Type,java/lang/invoke/T\
ypeDescriptor$OfField):exact+124 * !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::testHelper2 @ bci:23 (line 64) TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:17 (line 54)
early(n->in(2)): 0 Root === 0 43 54 65 110 111 244 [[ 0 1 3 23 24 239 28 38 49 60 80 81 178 172 176 177 231 ]]
n->in(2)->in(1): 177 ConP === 0 [[ 179 179 ]] #java/lang/Class (java/io/Serializable,java/lang/constant/Constable,java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor,java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration,java/lang/reflect/Type,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescri\
ptor$OfField):exact * Oop:java/lang/Class (java/io/Serializable,java/lang/constant/Constable,java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor,java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration,java/lang/reflect/Type,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor$OfField):exact *
early(n->in(2)->in(1)): 0 Root === 0 43 54 65 110 111 244 [[ 0 1 3 23 24 239 28 38 49 60 80 81 178 172 176 177 231 ]]
n->in(2)->in(2): 177 ConP === 0 [[ 179 179 ]] #java/lang/Class (java/io/Serializable,java/lang/constant/Constable,java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor,java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration,java/lang/reflect/Type,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescri\
ptor$OfField):exact * Oop:java/lang/Class (java/io/Serializable,java/lang/constant/Constable,java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor,java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration,java/lang/reflect/Type,java/lang/invoke/TypeDescriptor$OfField):exact *
early(n->in(2)->in(2)): 0 Root === 0 43 54 65 110 111 244 [[ 0 1 3 23 24 239 28 38 49 60 80 81 178 172 176 177 231 ]]
n->in(2)->in(3): 178 ConL === 0 [[ 179 ]] #long:124
early(n->in(2)->in(3)): 0 Root === 0 43 54 65 110 111 244 [[ 0 1 3 23 24 239 28 38 49 60 80 81 178 172 176 177 231 ]]

LCA(n): 88 IfFalse === 263 [[ 126 ]] #0 !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:5 (line 52)
n->out(0): 191 MemBarAcquire === 186 1 187 1 1 190 [[ 192 193 ]] !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::testHelper2 @ bci:26 (line 65) TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:17 (line 54)
n->out(0)->out(0): 192 Proj === 191 [[ 175 ]] #0 !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::testHelper2 @ bci:26 (line 65) TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:17 (line 54)
n->out(1): 110 Return === 175 195 196 8 9 returns 190 [[ 0 ]]
n->out(1)->out(0): 0 Root === 0 43 54 65 110 111 244 [[ 0 1 3 23 24 239 28 38 49 60 80 81 178 172 176 177 231 ]]

idoms of early "185 MemBarVolatile":
idom[4]: 88 IfFalse
idom[3]: 126 If
idom[2]: 128 IfFalse
idom[1]: 180 MemBarRelease
idom[0]: 181 Proj
n: 185 MemBarVolatile

idoms of (wrong) LCA "88 IfFalse":
n: 88 IfFalse

Real LCA of early "185 MemBarVolatile" (idom[4]) and wrong LCA "88 IfFalse":
  88 IfFalse === 263 [[ 126 ]] #0 !jvms: TestNullAtCallAfterLateInline::test2 @ bci:5 (line 52)

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# Internal Error (/home/roland/jdk-jdk/src/hotspot/share/opto/loopnode.cpp:6144), pid=3337877, tid=3337891
# assert(false) failed: Bad graph detected in build_loop_late
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (22.0) (fastdebug build 22-internal-adhoc.roland.jdk-jdk)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (fastdebug 22-internal-adhoc.roland.jdk-jdk, mixed mode, sharing, compressed oops, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, linux-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# V [libjvm.so+0x12daf8e] PhaseIdealLoop::build_loop_late_post_work(Node*, bool)+0x99e
#
# Core dump will be written. Default location: Core dumps may be processed with "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump %P %u %g %s %t %c %h" (or dumping to /home/roland/tmp/core.3337877)
#
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# /home/roland/tmp/hs_err_pid3337877.log
#
# Compiler replay data is saved as:
# /home/roland/tmp/replay_pid3337877.log
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# https://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
#
Aborted (core dumped)

Likely caused by JDK-8297933