public class KeyAgreementReinit {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("EC");
        kpg.initialize(256);
        KeyPair kp = kpg.generateKeyPair();
        ECPrivateKey privateKey = (ECPrivateKey) kp.getPrivate();

        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("EC");
        ECPrivateKey invalidPrivateKey
                = (ECPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(
                        new ECPrivateKeySpec(BigInteger.ZERO,
                                privateKey.getParams()));

        KeyAgreement ka = KeyAgreement.getInstance("ECDH");

        try {
            // The first initialization with invalid key should fail.
            ka.init(invalidPrivateKey);
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            // Do nothing
        }

        // The second initialization with valid key still fail.
        ka.init(privateKey);
    }
}

The above test raises the below error,
Exception in thread "main" java.security.InvalidKeyException: No installed provider supports this key: sun.security.ec.ECPrivateKeyImpl
at java.base/javax.crypto.KeyAgreement.chooseProvider(KeyAgreement.java:414)
at java.base/javax.crypto.KeyAgreement.init(KeyAgreement.java:481)
at java.base/javax.crypto.KeyAgreement.init(KeyAgreement.java:452)
at KeyAgreementReinit.main(KeyAgreementReinit.java:34)

If the first initialization succeeds, the KeyAgreement can be re-initialized.