ADDITIONAL SYSTEM INFORMATION :
Windows 10 x86_64, Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 21.0.5+9-LTS-239)

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
When the OutOfMemoryError occurs in addFirst() / addLast() of java.util.ArrayDeque, this deque has the first element and the last element, but it's empty by testing ArrayDeque.isEmpty()!

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
>jdk-21.0.5\bin\java -Xmx64m -DtestLast=true ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError: ArrayDeque invariant lost!
        at ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.main(ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.java:36)
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
        at java.base/java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3482)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayDeque.grow(ArrayDeque.java:148)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayDeque.addLast(ArrayDeque.java:306)
        at ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.main(ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.java:29)

>jdk-21.0.5\bin\java -Xmx64m -DtestLast=false ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError: ArrayDeque invariant lost!
        at ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.main(ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.java:36)
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
        at java.base/java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3482)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayDeque.grow(ArrayDeque.java:148)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayDeque.addFirst(ArrayDeque.java:289)
        at ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.main(ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.java:30)


EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
ok.
ok.
ACTUAL -
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError: ArrayDeque invariant lost!
        at ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.main(ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.java:36)
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
        at java.base/java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3482)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayDeque.grow(ArrayDeque.java:148)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayDeque.addFirst(ArrayDeque.java:289)
        at ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.main(ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM.java:30)

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

class ArrayDequeInvariantMissedOnOOM {
    
    static final boolean TEST_LAST = Boolean.getBoolean("testLast");
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Prepare data for eliminating `Integer` allocation interference
        final List<Integer> data = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i <= Integer.MAX_VALUE; ++i) {
            try {
                data.add(i);
            } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
                break;
            }
        }
        // Release some memory for the real test
        for (int i = 0; i < data.size() >> 2; ++i) {
            data.remove(data.size() - 1);
        }
        
        // Do the real test of ArrayDeque
        final ArrayDeque<Integer> q = new ArrayDeque<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i) {
            final Integer n = data.get(i);
            try {
                if (TEST_LAST) q.addLast(n);
                else q.addFirst(n);
            } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
                final Integer first = q.getFirst();
                final Integer last = q.getLast();
                if (first != null && last != null && q.isEmpty()) {
                    // Here this queue invariant lost!
                    throw new AssertionError("ArrayDeque invariant lost!", e);
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        
        System.out.println("ok.");
    }
    
}

---------- END SOURCE ----------

FREQUENCY : always