On AIX we run into errors below, for example in test tools/jlink/runtimeImage/AddOptionsTest.java , this happened with fastdebug binaries, opt worked :

jlink options: --output java-base-with-opts-jlink-tmp --add-modules jdk.jlink,java.base --generate-linkable-runtime --keep-packaged-modules=java-base-with-opts-jlink-tmp/jmods
Error: Java heap space
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at java.base/java.io.InputStream.readNBytes(InputStream.java:447)
at java.base/java.io.InputStream.readAllBytes(InputStream.java:348)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.plugin.ResourcePoolEntry.contentBytes(ResourcePoolEntry.java:127)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.runtimelink.ResourcePoolReader.getResourceBytes(ResourcePoolReader.java:54)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.runtimelink.JimageDiffGenerator.generateDiff(JimageDiffGenerator.java:89)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.ImageFileCreator.addResourceDiffFiles(ImageFileCreator.java:357)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.ImageFileCreator.generateJImage(ImageFileCreator.java:264)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.ImageFileCreator.writeImage(ImageFileCreator.java:202)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.ImageFileCreator.create(ImageFileCreator.java:131)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.JlinkTask$ImageHelper.retrieve(JlinkTask.java:1041)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.ImagePluginStack.operate(ImagePluginStack.java:194)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.JlinkTask.createImage(JlinkTask.java:501)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.JlinkTask.run(JlinkTask.java:294)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.Main.run(Main.java:56)
at jdk.jlink/jdk.tools.jlink.internal.Main$JlinkToolProvider.run(Main.java:73)
at tests.JImageGenerator$JLinkTask.call(JImageGenerator.java:713)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.createRuntimeLinkImage(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:273)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.createJavaImageRuntimeLink(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:126)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.createJavaImageRuntimeLink(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:121)
at AddOptionsTest.runTest(AddOptionsTest.java:64)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.run(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:62)
at AddOptionsTest.main(AddOptionsTest.java:49)
at java.base/java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$DMH/0x0a0001009070c3e0.invokeStatic(LambdaForm$DMH)
at java.base/java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/0x0a00010090710c10.invoke(LambdaForm$MH)
at java.base/java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/0x0a00010090711408.invokeExact_MT(LambdaForm$MH)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invokeImpl(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:155)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at com.sun.javatest.regtest.agent.MainWrapper$MainTask.run(MainWrapper.java:138)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.runWith(Thread.java:1589)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1576)

java.lang.AssertionError: Unexpected failure: 4
at tests.Result.assertSuccess(Result.java:80)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.createRuntimeLinkImage(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:273)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.createJavaImageRuntimeLink(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:126)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.createJavaImageRuntimeLink(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:121)
at AddOptionsTest.runTest(AddOptionsTest.java:64)
at AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.run(AbstractLinkableRuntimeTest.java:62)
at AddOptionsTest.main(AddOptionsTest.java:49)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at com.sun.javatest.regtest.agent.MainWrapper$MainTask.run(MainWrapper.java:138)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1576)