The diff of stderr shows this (interpreted code on top):

< Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException
---
> Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.util.HashSet cannot be cast to class Test_355_Class_3 (java.util.HashSet is in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap'; Test_355_Class_3 is in unnamed module of loader 'app')
> at Test_355_Class_8.<clinit>(Test_355.java:839)
> ... 1 more

The interpreted code used these args:
 -Xmx1G -XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions -Xint

... while the JIT-compiled run used these:

-Xmx1G -XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions -XX:CompileCommand=quiet -XX:CompileCommand=compileonly,*Test*::* -XX:-TieredCompilation -Xcomp -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:+StressLCM -XX:+StressGCM -XX:+StressIGVN -XX:+StressCCP -XX:+StressMacroExpansion -XX:StressSeed=1141049105 -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:PerMethodSpecTrapLimit=0 -XX:PerMethodTrapLimit=0 -XX:+VerifyLoopOptimizations -XX:VerifyIterativeGVN=10 Test_355

Please find attached the fuzzy test that caught the problem.