ADDITIONAL SYSTEM INFORMATION :
# Java version
java 21.0.6 2025-01-21 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188, mixed mode, sharing)

# Operating system details
$ cat /etc/*release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=focal
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
Performance regression in JDK 21 for double arithmetic operations
compared to JDK 17. The issue seems to be fixed in JDK 23, but JDK 23
is still slower than JDK 17. Similar issue in Graal: https://github.com/oracle/graal/issues/10609

REGRESSION : Last worked in version 17.0.14

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
The issue can be reproduced by running JMH code below with different JDK versions

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
similar performance for recent JDK versions
ACTUAL -
JDK 17.0.12, Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, 17.0.12+8-LTS-286:
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
Sum.add avgt 15 9.661 ± 0.081 ns/op

JDK 21.0.6, Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, 21.0.6+8-LTS-188:
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
Sum.add avgt 15 102.754 ± 0.862 ns/op

JDK 23.0.2, Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, 23.0.2+7-58:
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
Sum.add avgt 15 13.110 ± 0.102 ns/op


---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
# Sum.java
```java
package org.sample;

import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@State(Scope.Thread)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@Fork(3)
public class Sum {
    private static double sum = 1.0;
    private static double comp = 0.1;

    static double twoSumLow(double a, double b, double sum) {
        final double bVirtual = sum - a;
        return (a - (sum - bVirtual)) + (b - bVirtual);
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void add() {
        final double newSum = (sum % comp);
        comp += twoSumLow(0.1, comp, newSum);
        sum += comp;
    }
}
```
---------- END SOURCE ----------