When running aot class linking tests on linux-x86 with -Xcomp -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 flags:

% make test TEST=open/test/hotspot/jtreg/runtime/cds/appcds/aotClassLinking/ CONF=fastdebug TEST_OPTS_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Xcomp -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1"

Some tests, for example MethodHandleTest.java, may fail several ways. One of failures is this:

#
# Internal Error (/leyden/open/src/hotspot/share/ci/ciEnv.cpp:1909), pid=987577, tid=987598
# fatal error: New workflow: should not compile code for unarchived class: UnsupportedBSMs$$Lambda/0x800000029
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (25.0) (fastdebug build 25-internal-LTS-2025-07-14-0139260...)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (fastdebug 25-internal-LTS-2025-07-14-0139260.., compiled mode, emulated-client, sharing, tiered, compressed oops, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, linux-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# V [libjvm.so+0xa276e8] ciEnv::compute_init_state_for_precompiled(InstanceKlass*)+0x578

Current thread (0x00007f94dc1c79b0): JavaThread "C1 CompilerThread0" daemon [_thread_in_vm, id=987598, stack(0x00007f94cccb1000,0x00007f94ccdb1000) (1024K)]

Current CompileTask:
C1: 11009 W0.0 Q0.0 4722 b 1 UnsupportedBSMs::invokeUnsupportedBSMs (108 bytes)

Stack: [0x00007f94cccb1000,0x00007f94ccdb1000], sp=0x00007f94ccdadb30, free space=1010k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, A=AOT compiled, P=AOT preloaded, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
V [libjvm.so+0xa276e8] ciEnv::compute_init_state_for_precompiled(InstanceKlass*)+0x578 (ciEnv.cpp:1909)
V [libjvm.so+0xa386d8] ciInstanceKlass::ciInstanceKlass(Klass*)+0x1b8 (ciInstanceKlass.cpp:71)
V [libjvm.so+0xa733a0] ciObjectFactory::create_new_metadata(Metadata*)+0x260 (ciObjectFactory.cpp:405)
V [libjvm.so+0xa73aaa] ciObjectFactory::get_metadata(Metadata*)+0x14a (ciObjectFactory.cpp:339)
V [libjvm.so+0xa74127] ciObjectFactory::find_non_perm(Handle)+0xa7 (ciObjectFactory.cpp:658)
V [libjvm.so+0xa74b97] ciObjectFactory::get(oop)+0xf7 (ciObjectFactory.cpp:240)
V [libjvm.so+0xa33bc0] ciInstance::field_value_impl(BasicType, int)+0x700 (ciEnv.hpp:175)
V [libjvm.so+0xa2f5d1] ciField::constant_value_of(ciObject*)+0x51 (ciField.cpp:330)
V [libjvm.so+0x879c63] GraphBuilder::access_field(Bytecodes::Code)+0xa73 (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:1787)
V [libjvm.so+0x87eb3b] GraphBuilder::iterate_bytecodes_for_block(int)+0xc2b (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:2934)
V [libjvm.so+0x881fba] GraphBuilder::iterate_all_blocks(bool)+0xba (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:3007)
V [libjvm.so+0x87c134] GraphBuilder::try_inline_full(ciMethod*, bool, bool, Bytecodes::Code, Instruction*)+0xcd4 (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:4079)
V [libjvm.so+0x87c928] GraphBuilder::try_inline(ciMethod*, bool, bool, Bytecodes::Code, Instruction*)+0x168 (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:3539)
V [libjvm.so+0x882991] GraphBuilder::try_method_handle_inline(ciMethod*, bool)+0x371 (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:4161)
V [libjvm.so+0x87c9be] GraphBuilder::try_inline(ciMethod*, bool, bool, Bytecodes::Code, Instruction*)+0x1fe (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:3510)
V [libjvm.so+0x87ce87] GraphBuilder::invoke(Bytecodes::Code)+0x3f7 (c1_GraphBuilder.cpp:2132)