Reproduced on linux-x86:

$ make test CONF=fast TEST_OPTS_JAVA_OPTIONS="-XX:+AOTClassLinking" TEST=runtime/cds/appcds/SignedJar.java

java.lang.RuntimeException: Hotspot crashed
at jdk.test.lib.cds.CDSTestUtils.executeAndLog(CDSTestUtils.java:705)
at jdk.test.lib.cds.CDSTestUtils.executeAndLog(CDSTestUtils.java:681)
at TestCommon.createArchive(TestCommon.java:308)

# Internal Error (/leyden/open/src/hotspot/share/cds/heapShared.cpp:2008), pid=3053959, tid=3053969
# assert(has_been_archived(obj)) failed: must be
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (26.0) (fastdebug build 26-internal-2025-08-18-0243505...)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (fastdebug 26-internal-2025-08-18-0243505..., interpreted mode, compressed oops, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, linux-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# V [libjvm.so+0x102135f] HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop)+0x36f
#

Stack: [0x00007fc4fd091000,0x00007fc4fd191000], sp=0x00007fc4fd1887f0, free space=989k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, A=AOT compiled, P=AOT preloaded, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
V [libjvm.so+0x102135f] HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop)+0x36f (heapShared.cpp:2008)
V [libjvm.so+0x1032a4d] void OopOopIterateDispatch<VerifySharedOopClosure>::Table::oop_oop_iterate<InstanceKlass, narrowOop>(VerifySharedOopClosure*, oop, Klass*)+0x22d (heapShared.cpp:1971)
V [libjvm.so+0x10212ac] HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop)+0x2bc (iterator.inline.hpp:300)
V [libjvm.so+0x1032a4d] void OopOopIterateDispatch<VerifySharedOopClosure>::Table::oop_oop_iterate<InstanceKlass, narrowOop>(VerifySharedOopClosure*, oop, Klass*)+0x22d (heapShared.cpp:1971)
V [libjvm.so+0x10212ac] HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop)+0x2bc (iterator.inline.hpp:300)
V [libjvm.so+0x102181b] void VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work<narrowOop>(narrowOop*) [clone .isra.0]+0x9b (heapShared.cpp:1971)
V [libjvm.so+0x1034c05] void InstanceRefKlass::oop_oop_iterate<narrowOop, VerifySharedOopClosure>(oop, VerifySharedOopClosure*)+0x715 (heapShared.cpp:1964)
V [libjvm.so+0x1034e32] void OopOopIterateDispatch<VerifySharedOopClosure>::Table::oop_oop_iterate<InstanceRefKlass, narrowOop>(VerifySharedOopClosure*, oop, Klass*)+0x52 (iterator.inline.hpp:115)
V [libjvm.so+0x10212ac] HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop)+0x2bc (iterator.inline.hpp:300)
V [libjvm.so+0x102181b] void VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work<narrowOop>(narrowOop*) [clone .isra.0]+0x9b (heapShared.cpp:1971)