When running this program with -Xms100M -Xmx100M, beginning with JDK 23 (b08?) G1 starts behaving very badly as automatic IHOP kicks in: it reduces the heap size to zero, effectively using 5M of heap from then on.

This results in ~900 garbage collections, which are always concurrent start ones.

public class MixedGcHumongous {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        System.gc(); // start from stable state
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            Integer[] humongous = new Integer[200_000]; Thread.sleep(10); // ~0.8MB (humongous)
            allocateTempNormal(20_000); Thread.sleep(10); // 40 bytes per entry = ~2MB
        }
    }
    static void allocateTempNormal(int count) throws Exception {
        java.util.LinkedList<Integer> temp = new java.util.LinkedList<>();
        for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) temp.add(j);
    }
}

The difference seems to be that in earlier JDK versions, G1 never reaches the point where adaptive IHOP kicks in, so heap is limited to the default IHOP (45%).

This is also kind of "fixed" (more worked around) with JDK-8048180 eager reclaim of humongous objects with references, but obviously that is incidental.