Code:
import java.util.ArrayList;

record TestRecord(float x) { }

static int array_index_size = Integer.MAX_VALUE;


public static void main(String argv[]) {
    array_index_size = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    
    ArrayList<Float> list = new ArrayList<>();
    try {
        for (int j = 0; j < array_index_size; j++) {
            Float t = getConversion(new TestRecord((float)j));
            list.add(t);
        }
    } catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e) {
        System.out.println("caught");
    }
}

public static Float getConversion(TestRecord a) {
    Float result;
    switch (a) {
        case TestRecord(Float y) -> result = y;
    }
    return result;
}

jdk-24.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java --enable-preview --source 24 -Xmx100m ./src/Main.java
caught

jdk-24-valhalla.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java --enable-preview --source 24 -Xmx100m ./src/Main.java
caught


jdk-26-valhalla/Contents/Home/bin/java --enable-preview --source 26 -Xmx100m ./src/Main.java
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:485)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:497)
        at Main.main(Main.java:24)
        at java.base/java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$DMH/0x0000000122040c00.invokeStatic(LambdaForm$DMH)
        at java.base/java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/0x0000000122169400.invoke(LambdaForm$MH)
        at java.base/java.lang.invoke.Invokers$Holder.invokeExact_MT(Invokers$Holder)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invokeImpl(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:155)