FULL PRODUCT VERSION :
openjdk version "1.8.0_141"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_141-8u141-b15-3~14.04-b15)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.141-b15, mixed mode)

ADDITIONAL OS VERSION INFORMATION :
Linux Wall-E 3.13.0-35-generic #62-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 15 01:58:42 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
The best is to check this link to understand the problem : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46273464/background-not-refreshed-when-painting-over-a-transparent-jframe

Basically, the background of the JFrame is not refreshed despite calling repaint() when the JFrame is transparent. The bug seems to affect only the jvm for GNU/Linux as it could not be reproduced under MacOS.

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
There is a test case at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46273464/background-not-refreshed-when-painting-over-a-transparent-jframe

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
The "text" label should be moving around the frame
ACTUAL -
The "text" label is painted over the frame but previously painted text are never cleared.

REPRODUCIBILITY :
This bug can be reproduced always.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
package test;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class TranslucentWindow extends JFrame {
    /** The image we will draw on the frame **/
    private final BufferedImage test = generateImage();
    /** The location where to paint the image **/
    private Point p = new Point();
    /** Set up the GUI **/
    public TranslucentWindow() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setUndecorated(true);
        setExtendedState(MAXIMIZED_BOTH);
        setBackground(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
        //Disable this line for case 2
        setContentPane(new TranslucentPane());
        getContentPane().addMouseMotionListener(new MouseDragListener());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                new TranslucentWindow().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }
    
    /** Move the image on the frame **/
    private class MouseDragListener extends MouseAdapter {
        @Override
        public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
            p = e.getPoint();
            repaint();
        }
    }
    
    /** Capture an image of any component **/
    private static BufferedImage getImage(Component c) {
        if(c==null) return null;
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(c.getWidth(), c.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
        c.printAll(g);
        g.dispose();
        return image;
    }
    
    /** Generates a dummy image to be painted on the frame **/
    private static BufferedImage generateImage() {
        JLabel label = new JLabel("test");
        label.setSize(label.getPreferredSize());
        return getImage(label);
    }
    
    //Enable these lines for case 2
// @Override
// public void paint(Graphics g) {
// super.paint(g);
// g.drawImage(test, p.x, p.y, this);
// }
    
    public class TranslucentPane extends JPanel {
        public TranslucentPane() {
            setOpaque(false);
        }
        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            g2d.setColor(new Color(0,0,0,0));
            g2d.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
            g2d.drawImage(test, p.x, p.y, this);
        }
    }
}

---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
Every attempt to find a workaround has failed...